Hypersaline actinomycetes and their biological applications. Due to the increasing emergence of drugresistant bacteria and tumor cell lines, novel antibiotics with antibacterial and cytotoxic activities are urgently needed. Actinobacteriaderived antibiotics that are important in medicine include aminoglycosides, anthracyclines, chloramphenicol, macrolide, tetracyclines, etc. The health risk posed by marine toxins has been balanced somewhat by the discovery that some marine toxins can act as anticancer drugs. Until recently, the majority of natural products have been isolated from terrestrial sources. Chinikomycin b showed selective antitumor activity against the mammary cancer cell line maxf 401nl ic50 of 3. They are meant to serve as a complement to conventional approaches such as surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy. A member of the order is often called an actinomycete the actinomycetes are diverse and contain a variety of subdivisions, as well as yetunclassified isolates, mainly because some genera are difficult to classify because of a highly nichedependent phenotype. In the past few decades, there have been many reports of anticancer activity in actinobacteria isolated from marine environments. Marine actinomycetes, antimicrobial activity, antioxidant activity, pseudomonas aeruginosa, aspergillus niger, streptomyces.
Actinobacteria have high guanine and cytosine content in their dna. In our inhouse screening program in the quest of novel and superior antifungal compounds, an actinomycetes strain pm0525875 was isolated from a marine invertebrate. Invitro antitumor activity and metabolic finger printing of. In this connection, the present study was made an attempt to find out the anticancer property from marine sediment actinomycetes against. Source, identification, and their applications mukesh sharma, pinki dangi and meenakshi choudhary department of biotechnology, jaipur institute of biotechnology, maharaj vinayak global university, jaipur rajasthan india corresponding author a b s t r a c t production of primary and secondary metabolites int.
Although the exploitation of marine actinomycetes as a source for discovery of novel secondary metabolites is at an early stage, numerous novel metabolites have been isolated in the past few years. We hypothesized that the marine actinomycetes strains present in lagos lagoon sediment produce metabolic compounds with potent anticancer potential. In this connection, the present study was made an attempt to find out the anticancer property from marine sediment actinomycetes against two different breast cancer cell lines. The health risk posed by marine toxins has been balanced somewhat by the discovery that some marine toxins can act as anti cancer drugs. Waksman and his students 19431951 which culminated in the discovery of streptomycin and other new and potentially useful chemotherapeutic agents. Special issue natural products from marine actinomycetes. Anticancer property of sediment actinomycetes against mcf7. Marine sponge derived actinomycetes and their anticancer.
Antitumor compounds from marine actinomycetes 20052009. Paper open access related content screening of marine. The prokaryotic marine actinomycetes continue to be an important source of bioactive secondary metabolites and potent cytotoxic compounds. Four antitumorantibiotics of a new structure class, the marinomycins a. However, the distribution of actinobacteria in the sea is largely unexplored and. Aromatic polyketides from marine actinomycetes have received increasing attention due to their unusual structures and potent bioactivities. Screening of marine actinomycetes as probiotics for production of bacteriocin bharti prakashwadekar and smita m. Anticancer and antimicrobial assays identified streptomyces. Twenty percent of all drugs approval by fda comes from collaborations or acquisitions, with a rate of 50% failure rate in phase iii. Terrestrial actinomycetes are noteworthy producers of a multitude of antibiotics, however the marine representatives are much less studied in this regard.
Exploring novel bioactive compounds from marine microbes. School of biosciences and technology, vit university,vellore632014. The isolate produced alkaline amylase with maximum amylolytic activity at ph 9. Intense efforts have been made to develop cancer therapeutics, and natural products have been proven to be promising sources of novel anti cancer drugs. Screening of marine actinobacteria for antimicrobial compounds. In silico anticancer activity prediction of secondary. This turned out to be the case and presented an opportunity to proceed with an expanded effort to isolate and characterize new marine derived actinomycetes.
Marine natural products natural products are organic molecules derived from plants, animals, or microorganisms, and represent the starting point for most of the anti infective and anti cancer drugs on the market today. Our recent survey of draft genome sequences of fjordderived actinomycetes strongly suggests that some nonstreptomycete isolates have a significant. These organisms have evolved with greatest genomic and metabolic diversity and hence efforts have been directed towards exploring marine actinomycetes as a source for the discovery of novel secondary metabolites 3. A great number of antitumor compounds are natural products or their derivatives, mainly. However, frequent rediscovery of the same compounds in terrestrial actinomycetes have made them less attractive for screening programs in the recent years. Anticancer describes natural methods of health care that contribute to preventing the development of cancer or to bolstering treatment. Pdf novel anticancer compounds from marine actinomycetes. Anticancer potential of metabolic compounds from marine. Actinomycetes isolated from marine sediments along the southeast coast of bay of bengal were investigated for amylolytic activity. Home of the internationally acclaimed, new york times best seller. A great number of anticancer agents are natural products or their derivatives, mainly produced by microorganisms and the actinomycetes are prolific producers of pharmacologically important compounds, accounting for about 70 % of the naturally derived antibiotics that are currently in clinical. A closer look at actinomycetes nova science publishers. There is tremendous diversity and novelty among the marine actinomycetes present in marine environments. The extracts of this microbe showed potent invitro antifungal activity against drug resistant fungal strains.
It is increasingly evident that the true biological origin of many metabolites isolated from certain marine microorganisms. Taxonomy and polyphasic characterization of alkaline amylase. Marine actinomycetes as an emerging resource for the drug. Discovery of novel metabolites from marine actinomycetes kin s lam rece nt. Isolation strategies directed toward new marinederived actinomycetes have been lacking, but it is clear that such procedures will increase the understanding of marine bacterial diversity.
Handbook of anticancer drugs from marine origin sekwon kim. A large number of novel compounds and enzymes from halophilic actinomycetes have. Potential bioactive compound from marine actinomycetes. High throughput cultivation for isolation of novel marine.
The handbook also places into context the demand for anticancer nutraceuticals and their use as potential anti cancer pharmaceuticals and medicines. This great diversity of marine actinomycetes has offered greater chemical diversity. The diverse chemical compounds of marine actinomycetes have been found to have various biological activities such as antimicrobial, antitumor, antimalarial, antialgal, antioxidant, antiinflammatory etc. The research exploration of marine actinomycetes is aimed to explore the indigenous species which. Hence the present study focuses on isolation and screening of marine bacteria for anticancer lasparaginase production from marine water. The actinomycetales are an order of actinobacteria. A 2006 university of wisconsin study reported that marine toxins can bind to a cell component called actin and that this interaction can disable rapidly growing cells, such as cancer cells. The objective of this investigation was to isolation and screening of marine bacteria for lasparaginase activity. A great number of anticancer agents are natural products or their derivatives, mainly produced by microorganisms and the actinomycetes are prolific producers of pharmacologically important compounds, accounting for about 70 % of the naturally derived antibiotics that are currently in clinical use.
Novel anticancer compounds from marine actinomycetes. But, studies related with the biopotential activities of anticancer metabolites from marine actinomycetes based drug discovery are too limited. Until now, the search of actinomycetes producing new types of bioactive compounds continues. Discovery of novel metabolites from marine actinomycetes kin. The early exploratory studies by mccormack 1935 and alexopoulos and herrick 19381942 were followed by the intensive studies by professor s.
Marine actinomycetes are efficient producers of new secondary metabolites that show a range of biological activities including antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, insecticidal and enzyme inhibition. Actinomycetes are the potential sources of novel metabolites, therapeutic compounds, enzymes, and other chemicals. Isolation and screening of actinomycetes from marine samples. Triterpenoids as anticancer drugs from marine sponges. Jul 15, 2004 in the subsequent expedition 2002 papua new guinea, we sought to determine whether this isolation procedure was indeed selective for this group of marine derived actinomycetes. Actinomycetes from terrestrial sources have been studied and screened since the 1950s, yielding many important antiinfective and anticancer drugs.
These aquatic organisms are screened for antibacterial, immunomodulator, anti fungal, anti inflammatory, anticancer, antimicrobial, neuroprotective, analgesic, and antimalarial properties. Bioactive compounds from marine actinomycetes springerlink. In spite of above studies on asparaginase production by bacteria from marine sediments, no literature is available on enzyme production bacteria, isolated from marine water. Here we describe a new selective enrichment procedure that has resulted in the discovery of two novel actinomycete taxa from marine sediments collected from the bismarck sea and the solomon sea off the coast of papua new guinea. Marine pharmacology offers the scope for research on these drugs of marine origin. Nutraceuticals from microbes of marine sources intechopen. Evaluation of antimicrobial and anticancer activity of secondary metabolites from marine actinomycetes raja sekhar reddy athoor1 and a. This turned out to be the case and presented an opportunity to proceed with an expanded effort to isolate and characterize new marinederived actinomycetes. A large number of novel compounds and enzymes from halophilic actinomycetes have been. Screening of marine actinomycetes as probiotics for. Among them, the applications of halophilic actinomycetes toward the medically. They are used for new drug developments extensively across the world. Discovery of novel metabolites from marine actinomycetes. Antitumor compounds from actinomycetes in deepsea water of toyama bay.
The madeira archipelago as a significant source of marinederived. Oct 31, 2016 in principal marine actinomycetes strains which live under extreme conditions which include low temperature, high pressure, variable salinity, variable oxygen concentrations and lack of light have proven themselves for having unique metabolic machinery for the production of novel compounds with various biological activities bull et al. Existence of actinomycetes has been reported in the hitherto untapped marine ecosystem. Isolation and characterization of marine antagonistic actinomycetes from west coast of india 15 both e. Notably, most of the bioactive molecules from marine actinomycetes have been discovered in the representatives of streptomyces spp.
Most prevalent antitumor compounds produced by marine actinomycetes worldwide 20052009. Marinomycins ad, antitumorantibiotics of a new structure class from a marine actinomycete of the recently discovered genus marinispora cheminform 2006, 37 24 doi. Rm42 had broad spectral antimicrobial activity, and were selected for further studies, and they represented. Therefore, the data from the last few years show that the pharmaceutical itself have showed low productivity in proportion to the total number of drugs approval and while the biotech industry show higher number of drug approvals by fda, the rate of failure is. Marine actinobacteria are rich sources of novel antibiotics, and here we report the discovery of a novel alkaloid, xinghaiamine a, from a marine derived actinomycete streptomyces xinghaiensis nrrl b24674t. Caerulomycin aan antifungal compound isolated from marine. Improved recovery yields of marine actinomycetes from sponges using nutrient supplements and enzymes have been reported these recent successes are the first step in the right direction. Chemotherapy is one of the main treatments used to combat cancer. Handbook of anticancer drugs from marine origin springerlink. This study of advanced and future types of natural compounds from marine sources is written to facilitate the understanding of biotechnology and its application to marine natural product drug. Dharmadhikari department of microbiology, government institute of science, aurangabad, maharastra, india corresponding author abstract introduction marine environment are opening an unexpected new horizon for finding novel.
Their function as a new and important resource in novel, anticancer drug discovery. Compared to their terrestrial counterparts, marine aromatic polyketides have been less discovered and their structural and biological diversities are far from being fully investigated. The diverse chemical compounds of marine actinomycetes have been found to have various biological activities such as antimicrobial, anti tumor, anti malarial, anti algal, antioxidant, anti inflammatory etc. Bonafide actinomycetes not only exist in the oceans, but they are also widely distributed in different marine ecosystems. Most likely, this bias reflects the fact that marine streptomyces, like their terrestrial relatives, are easier to culture and to induce synthesis of secondary metabolites compared to other marine actinomycetes. In this study, 90 actinomycetes were isolated from 11 different species of marine sponges that had been collected from offshore ras mohamed egypt and from rovinj croatia. Book chapters invitation biological synthesis of nanoparticles and its. Marinederived actinomycetes have demonstrated an ability to produce novel. In the subsequent expedition 2002 papua new guinea, we sought to determine whether this isolation procedure was indeed selective for this group of marinederived actinomycetes. A 2006 university of wisconsin study reported that marine toxins can bind to a cell component called actin and that this interaction.
Marine natural products natural products are organic molecules derived from plants, animals, or microorganisms, and represent the starting point for most of the antiinfective and anticancer drugs on the market today. This book titled a closer look at actinomycetes is a compilation of articles which deals with interesting topics such as actinomycetes as microbial drug factories, endophytic fungi from special habitats of pakistan as well as strategies for exploration of actinomycetes diversity and the taxonomy of actinomycetes should be of great. Among them, the applications of halophilic actinomycetes toward the medically and industrially important metabolites and enzymes are gaining increasing attention by the scientific community. Isolation and screening of marine bacteria producing anti cancer enzyme lasparaginase. Advances in biotechnology abstract there is an urgent need for new drugs with increasing threat posed by multidrug resistant bacteria. Among the various sources of natural products actinomycetes hold prominent position due to their diversity and proven ability to produce bioactive metabolites. Evaluation of antimicrobial and anticancer activity of. Novel antiinfective secondary metabolites and biosynthetic. Table 1 shows some examples of new secondary metabolites isolated from marine actinomycetes from 2005 to 2010. Indeed, the marine environment is virtually an untapped source of novel actinobacteria diversity 10,11 and, therefore, of new metabolites 1214. As marine microorganisms, particularly actinomycetes, have evolved with the greatest genomic and metabolic diversity jensen 2010, efforts should be directed towards exploring marine actinomycetes as a source of novel secondary metabolites. However, frequent rediscovery of the same compounds in terrestrial actinomycetes have made them less attractive for. Antibacterial and anticancer activity of marine streptomyces parvus. Isolation and characterization of novel marinederived.
Marine actinomycetes, anti microbial activity, anti oxidant activity, pseudomonas aeruginosa, aspergillus niger, streptomyces. Marine biotechnology is an upcoming area that involves about the study of marine microorganisms and animals including algae, sponges, and coral as a novel source of bioactive substances that can be used in the treatment of various human diseases like cancer, anemia, diarrhea, obesity, diabetes, atopic dermatitis, crohns disease, etc. This timely desk reference focuses on marinederived bioactive substances which have biological, medical and industrial applications. This research book presents a broad view of the current interest in actinomycetes, ranging from isolationscreening of actinomycetes, discovery of new antibiotics, a substantial contribution on genetic manipulation to actinomycetes in agriculture, forestry, and the threat of actinomycetes as pollutants in the environment. In principal marine actinomycetes strains which live under extreme conditions which include low temperature, high pressure, variable salinity, variable oxygen concentrations and lack of light have proven themselves for having unique metabolic machinery for the production of novel compounds with various biological activities bull et al. Marine actinomycete btss 1001 producing an alkaline amylase was identified from marine sediment of diviseema coast, bay of bengal. The handbook also places into context the demand for anticancer nutraceuticals and their use as potential anticancer pharmaceuticals and medicines. Isolation and screening of marine bacteria producing anti. Antitumor compounds from marine actinomycetes mdpi. Novel bioactive molecules from marine actinomycetes. Antitumor compounds from marine actinomycetes ncbi.